When land use controls impose exceptional hardship and loss of value, a relief mechanism must be provided. This relief is referred to as a:

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A variance is a type of relief mechanism that allows property owners to exempt from certain land use controls if they can show that these controls result in exceptional hardship or loss of value. The zoning board of appeals or board of adjustment is typically responsible for granting variances. Building codes, zoning ordinances, and comprehensive plans are all land use controls rather than relief mechanisms.

When Land Use Controls Impose Exceptional Hardship and Loss of Value