The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by:

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A large meteorite impact would cause widespread destruction and fires, which would create large clouds of dust and debris that would block out sunlight. This would result in a prolonged period of darkness and cooler temperatures, which would disrupt photosynthesis and cause the extinction of many plant species. Without plants to support the food chain, many animal species would also perish, leading to a mass extinction event.

The Impact of a Large Meteorite with Earth Would Have