The fact that individuals whose red blood cells break down more rapidly in an area where malaria is more prevalent have a better chance of reaching reproductive age is known as:

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This scenario describes the phenomenon of heterozygote advantage, where individuals who are carriers of a genetic trait (in this case, the trait of having red blood cells that break down more rapidly) have a survival advantage over individuals who are homozygous for either the dominant or recessive allele. This is because carriers are less likely to develop malaria while still able to pass on the favorable genetic trait to their offspring.

The Fact That Individuals Whose Red Blood Cells Break Down