Which research design is the ONLY design in which we can assert that one variable is causing another variable?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Experimental research is the only research design in which we can manipulate one variable (independent variable) and measure its effect on another variable (dependent variable), while controlling for other potential influencing factors. This allows us to infer causality. Surveys, case studies, and archival research do not involve such manipulation, and therefore, we cannot infer causality from their findings.

Which Research Design Is the ONLY Design in Which We