Today's Visionary Organization Uses Key Elements to (1) Establish a Foundation

Today's visionary organization uses key elements to (1) establish a foundation and (2) set a direction, using (3) __________

A) its experience from previous strategic failures to prevent making the same mistakes twice.
B) its strategies that enable it to develop and market its offerings successfully.
C) knowledge based both on subjective input of cross-functional teams and forecasts based upon current company data.
D) the combined knowledge of upper management, middle management, and employees who work directly with the firm's customers.
E) marketing dashboards developed by an objective outside firm using internal company data collected solely for that purpose.