If urbanization occurs over the limited recharge area of a confined aquifer,water availability may be reduced.

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Confined aquifers are those that are surrounded by impermeable layers of rock or clay, which prevent or greatly slow down the movement of water into and out of the aquifer. Thus, the recharge area for confined aquifers is limited, and if urbanization occurs over this area, there may be a decrease in the amount of water that can recharge the aquifer. This can lead to a reduction in water availability for both human use and natural systems that depend on groundwater.

If Urbanization Occurs Over the Limited Recharge Area of a Confined