An experimenter who wants to train a rat to pull a string to raise a flag begins by training it to stand up. This procedure is known as

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Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior until the behavior is fully learned. In this case, the experimenter is starting with a simpler behavior (standing up) before moving on to the more complex behavior of pulling a string to raise a flag.

An Experimenter Who Wants to Train a Rat to Pull