A psychologist who studies the personalities of ten-year-old boys and ten-year-old girls, examining children one at a time, is likely to underestimate the sex differences in behavior because

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Many sex differences in behavior only emerge in social situations. Since the psychologist is examining the children one at a time, they may not be observing the children in social situations where these differences may become more apparent. Therefore, they may underestimate the sex differences in behavior.

A Psychologist Who Studies the Personalities of Ten-Year-Old Boys and Ten-Year-Old