According to the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory) of color vision, how do we perceive the difference between one color and another?

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According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, we perceive the difference between one color and another by the relative amount of excitation of three types of cones: red, green, and blue cones. These cones are sensitive to different wavelengths of light and when they are stimulated at differing proportions, we perceive different colors. This theory explains how we are able to perceive over 1 million colors.

According to the Trichromatic Theory (Young-Helmholtz Theory) of Color Vision