Why were whites stunned during the 1919 "Red Summer" riots?

Name: Why were whites stunned during the 1919 "Red Summer" riots?
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Whites were stunned during the 1919 "Red Summer" riots because blacks fought back. This was in contrast to previous instances of racial violence where blacks had been mostly passive or unable to defend themselves. The fact that blacks were willing to fight back and retaliate against white aggression was a new and unsettling development for many white Americans.

Why Were Whites Stunned During the 1919 "Red Summer" Riots