When the three requirements for causal inference are met,an experiment is said to be

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

When the three requirements for causal inference are met, which are temporal precedence, covariation between the cause and effect and the elimination of alternative explanations, the experiment is considered to be internally valid. So, option C is correct.

Option A is incorrect because confounded variables can impact the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, making it harder to establish causality. Confounding variables can cause spurious associations and reduce the internal validity of a study.

Option B is incorrect because an independent groups design is a type of experimental design where participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group, which can be used to improve internal validity but is not related to the three requirements for causal inference.

Option D is incorrect because holding variables constant is a technique to control extraneous variables and eliminate threats to internal validity but it does not necessarily guarantee that the study meets the three requirements for causal inference.

When the Three Requirements for Causal Inference Are Met,an Experiment