A researcher trains observers to complete checklists while observing children's behavior on the schoolyard during recess.Over the course of the study,observers become more reliable in their observations.Any effect of a treatment in this study might be confounded with an ____________ threat to internal validity.
A)observation
B)expectancy effect
C)additive
D)instrumentation

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The improvement in observer reliability over the course of the study is an example of instrumentation, where changes in the measuring instrument (in this case, the observers) may affect the results. Therefore, any effect of a treatment might be confounded with an instrumentation threat to internal validity.

A Researcher Trains Observers to Complete Checklists While Observing Children's