Virulence factors include all the following, except

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Ribosomes are not considered virulence factors. They are essential for protein synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotic cells. On the other hand, capsules, exoenzymes, endotoxin, and exotoxin are known virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of bacteria. Capsules can protect bacteria from host immune system attacks, exoenzymes can degrade host tissues, endotoxin can cause systemic inflammation and tissue damage, and exotoxin can directly damage host cells or contribute to immune evasion.

Virulence Factors Include All the Following, Except