The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is a function of the statistical techniques one uses,not the research design used to generate the data that are analyzed by those statistical techniques.

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The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is heavily dependent on the research design used to generate the data. Statistical techniques can help support or refute causal relationships, but they cannot create a causal relationship if one does not exist in the data.

The Ability to Make a Causal Inference Between Two Variables