If an educational psychologist studying the effect of three different teaching programs on students' learning wants to eliminate the effect of initial differences in learning ability among the students,the psychologist should use
A)multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
B)analysis of variance (ANOVA).
C)analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
D)test-retest reliability.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) allows the researcher to control for initial (pre-existing) differences in learning ability among the students by including pretest scores as a covariate in the analysis of the dependent variable (posttest scores). This helps to ensure that any observed differences in posttest scores can be attributed to the treatment (teaching program) and not to pre-existing differences in learning ability among the students. ANOVA alone would not control for initial differences in learning ability, while MANOVA is not necessary for this particular research question. Test-retest reliability is not relevant in this scenario.

If an Educational Psychologist Studying the Effect of Three Different