How can glycolysis produce ATP in the absence of oxygen and ATP synthase?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Glycolysis can produce ATP in the absence of oxygen and ATP synthase through substrate level phosphorylation, in which an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. This occurs twice during glycolysis, once during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and again during the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.

How Can Glycolysis Produce ATP in the Absence of Oxygen