The National Labor Relations Act

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The National Labor Relations Act, also known as the Wagner Act, guarantees labor the right to organize and bargain collectively through unions. It also sets the guidelines for collective bargaining and prohibits unfair labor practices by employers. It did not forbid the closed shop (where union membership is required for employment), but it did outlaw the union shop (where union membership is required after hiring) and forbad employers from using coercion to prevent employees from joining a union. The act also does not allow firms to refuse to negotiate with an elected union.