All else remaining constant,or "ceteris paribus," for an upward-sloping labor supply curve,the quantity of labor supplied varies directly with:

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An upward-sloping labor supply curve indicates that as the wage rate increases, workers are willing to supply more labor. Therefore, the quantity of labor supplied varies directly with the wage rate, making option D the correct choice. Payroll taxes (A) can affect the take-home pay of workers, but they do not directly impact the labor supply curve. Similarly, the value of leisure time (B) is subjective and varies from individual to individual, so it is not a reliable determinant of labor supply. The derived demand for labor (C) is related to the demand for the products produced by labor, which can affect the quantity of labor demanded, but this is not the same as the quantity of labor supplied.

All Else Remaining Constant,or "Ceteris Paribus," for an Upward-Sloping Labor