Which of the following hormones acts directly rather than through a secondary messenger?

Question

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Estradiol is a steroid hormone that can diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells and bind directly to intracellular receptors, which then act as transcription factors to induce gene expression. In contrast, the other hormones listed (glucagon, thyroxine, epinephrine, and vasopressin) bind to cell-surface receptors, leading to the activation of secondary messenger pathways inside the cell.

Which of the Following Hormones Acts Directly Rather Than Through