The process of moving solutes into or out of a cell against the natural concentration gradient is called

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Active transport is the process of moving solutes against their natural concentration gradient, which requires energy expenditure by the cell. Passive transport moves solutes down their concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion involves the use of transport proteins to help move solutes down their concentration gradient. Diffusive transport refers to any type of movement of solutes driven by their concentration gradient, regardless of whether it requires energy or is facilitated by transport proteins. Allotropic migration is not a term commonly used in biology and is not relevant to this question.

The Process of Moving Solutes into or Out of a Cell