Which of the Following Statements Is False

Which of the following statements is false?

A) If managers have large ownership stakes, then shareholders are more likely to use compensation policies or a stronger board to create the desired incentives.
B) If all else fails, the shareholders' last line of defense against expropriation by self-interested managers is direct action.
C) A shareholder resolution could direct the board to take a specific action, such as discontinuing investment in a particular line of business or country, or removing a poison pill.
D) Any shareholder can submit a resolution that is put to a vote at the annual meeting.