Two control techniques that allow researchers to rule out alternative explanations for an outcome are balancing and

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Balancing involves ensuring that all groups in a study are similar in terms of important characteristics before any manipulation or treatment is introduced. This helps to rule out alternative explanations for any observed outcomes. Holding conditions constant, establishing a time-order relationship, and establishing covariation are also important control techniques in research, but they serve different purposes and do not directly relate to ruling out alternative explanations. Validation refers to the process of verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of a measurement tool, and is not directly related to ruling out alternative explanations either.

Two Control Techniques That Allow Researchers to Rule Out Alternative