The Canadian Dollar-Yen Exchange Rate,e,where E Is the Nominal Exchange

The Canadian dollar-yen exchange rate,e,where e is the nominal exchange rate expressed as Japanese yen per dollar,will appreciate when

A) real GDP in Canada increases.
B) real GDP in Japan decreases.
C) the Bank of Canada tightens monetary policy.
D) Canadian consumers increase their preference for Japanese cars.
E) the Bank of Japan tightens monetary policy.