Ventilatory support strategies likely to result in auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) include all of the following except:

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Auto-PEEP, also known as intrinsic PEEP, is more likely to occur with ventilatory strategies that do not allow enough time for complete exhalation before the next breath starts. Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) assist-control, inverse ratio ventilation (IRV), and low inspiratory flows can all contribute to auto-PEEP by either increasing the time spent in inspiration or by slowing the flow, which can prolong the inspiratory phase. Low-rate intermittent mandatory ventilation, however, allows for longer exhalation times, reducing the likelihood of auto-PEEP.

Ventilatory Support Strategies Likely to Result in Auto-Positive End-Expiratory Pressure