Bias can occur in sampling. Bias refers to ________.
A) the division of the population into overlapping groups
B) the creation of strata, which are proportional to the stratum's size
C) the use of cluster sampling instead of stratified random sampling
D) the tendency of a sample statistic to systematically over- or underestimate a population parameter

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Bias in sampling refers to the tendency of a sample statistic to systematically over- or underestimate a population parameter, which means that the sample is not representative of the population. Option A refers to overlapping groups, which is a method of stratification, but it does not necessarily cause bias. Option B describes proportional allocation, which is a way to allocate sample units within each stratum, but it may not eliminate bias. Option C refers to cluster sampling, which may be more efficient than stratified random sampling in some cases, but it does not necessarily introduce bias.

Bias Can Occur in Sampling