The investiture controversy concerned the issue of

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The investiture controversy was a dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who had the power to appoint and invest bishops with the symbols of their office (ring and staff). The conflict arose during the 11th century and continued for several decades, with popes demanding that only they had the authority to invest clergy while emperors insisted on their right to do so. The controversy was resolved in favor of the papacy, although tensions between church and state continued to simmer for centuries.

The Investiture Controversy Concerned the Issue of