Tests of the leader-member exchange theory suggest that employees who are competent, likable, and similar to the leader in personality will be more likely to end up in the leader's in group.

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Tests of the leader-member exchange theory have consistently found that employees who share characteristics such as competence, likability, and personality similarities with the leader are more likely to be perceived as part of the in-group. This is because these shared characteristics foster a sense of trust, mutual respect, and rapport between the leader and the employee, which can translate to more favorable treatment, increased access to resources, and greater opportunities for development and advancement within the organization.

Tests of the Leader-Member Exchange Theory Suggest That Employees Who