The Standard Enthalpy of Formation of NaCl(s)is -411 KJ/mol

The standard enthalpy of formation of NaCl(s) is -411 kJ/mol.In a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of NaCl(s) ,which enthalpy change(s) is/are endothermic?

A) the lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s)
B) the electron affinity of chlorine
C) the reverse of the lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s)
D) All of the enthalpy changes are endothermic except for the standard enthalpy of formation of NaCl(s) .