To control the safety of additives in foods the FDA has rules manufacturers must follow, which include:

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The FDA requires manufacturers to submit proof that a new additive is safe after numerous tests before it can be approved for use in food. This is known as the additive approval process. Only additives that have been approved by the FDA can be used in food, even if they are on the permanent GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) list. The FDA also sets limits on the amounts of additives that can be used in food to ensure they do not exceed toxic levels at high doses. Additives must also be detectable and measurable in foods to ensure accurate labeling and monitoring of their use.

To Control the Safety of Additives in Foods the FDA