According to social-exchange theory, an individual's decision to help (or not help) another person depends primarily on

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Social-exchange theory suggests that an individual's decision to help someone else is based on the perceived costs and benefits of providing that help. Therefore, choice D, "the likely costs and benefits to the individual if they provide help," is the best answer. The other options (A, B, and C) do not align with social-exchange theory's emphasis on self-interest and personal cost-benefit analysis.

According to Social-Exchange Theory, an Individual's Decision to Help (Or