By which means were African Americans "legally" disenfranchised from participating in the electoral process in the American South by the Democratic Party?

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The white primary was a legal mechanism used by the Democratic Party in the American South to disenfranchise African Americans from participating in the electoral process. This was achieved by limiting political participation to only white voters through primary elections, effectively excluding African American voters from the political process.

By Which Means Were African Americans "Legally" Disenfranchised from Participating