Question 1

Several studies have shown that black and Hispanic women were just as likely as white women to hold continual employment after leaving welfare,yet also more likely than white women to return to welfare.Given this finding,assess the effectiveness of the contemporary welfare system in alleviating poverty across race.Provide at least two points of evidence mentioned in the textbook to justify your answer.

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Question 2

In the discussion of income and wealth disparities,the authors of the textbook argue that banks and financial institutions work against their own economic interests when it comes to race.What do they mean by that?

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Question 3

Some sociologists,like William Julius Wilson,have argued that affirmative action programs have only tended to favor already economically advantaged racial minorities.As a result,some sociologists have advocated for economic-based affirmative action.Give one example of what that might look like and evaluate what the potential effectiveness of such a policy might be.

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Question 4

Explain the two sides of the debate surrounding the claim that high levels of immigration lead to racial disparities in income levels.Which side do you find most convincing and why?

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Question 5

According to the textbook,many Americans oppose affirmative action on the grounds that it is "'reverse discrimination' or an affront to meritocracy." What are some reasons why it is ironic that some whites complain about blacks being given a "head start"?

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Question 6

What are the two dominant sociological arguments about how ethnic enclaves affect immigrants' upward mobility and economic prosperity?

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Question 7

List the three common pathways through which immigrants adapt to American society,according to sociologists Alejandro Portes and Min Zhou,and provide an example of each.

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Question 8

Sociologist Mary Waters observes that "We should not just be asking as a society,'How can we structure our immigration policy and our institutions to facilitate immigrants adopting our civic culture and becoming American?' We should also be asking,'What can we do about the pervasive inequalities in American life that often mean that becoming black American or Mexican American leads to a less bright future than remaining an immigrant?'" Propose a government policy that you think would address this issue.

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Question 9

According to Herbert Blumer,how can we best understand the way that people's personal feelings of prejudice and discrimination are shaped by how they perceive their employment opportunities?

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Question 10

Briefly list two of the three structural causes of poverty outlined by the textbook.

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Quiz 4: Economics