Evidence That Amino Acids Were "Illiterate," or Passively Added to the Newly

Evidence that amino acids were "illiterate," or passively added to the newly synthesized protein at the direction of the tRNA to which they are attached,was derived from experiments with:

A) nickel hydride,altering the amino acids attached to charged tRNAs to determine if they were still utilized by the ribosome.
B) proflavin-based mutations on subsets of anticodons to determine if the mutations affect the charging of tRNAs.
C) abnormal forms of the aminoacyl-tRNA transferase enzymes.
D) chemically synthesized,novel amino acid structures.
E) eukaryotic ribosomes combined with prokaryotic tRNAs.