The lack of strong support for early physical-dependence theories of addiction lent indirect support to the notion that the primary factors in drug addiction are
A) withdrawal effects.
B) tolerance effects.
C) conditioned withdrawal effects.
D) conditioned compensatory responses.
E) the drug's positive-incentive properties.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The lack of strong support for early physical-dependence theories of addiction suggests that factors beyond simply the physical dependence on a drug play a role in addiction. The option that best captures this idea is E, as the drug's positive-incentive properties refer to the pleasurable effects of the drug that entice an individual to continue using it, even in the absence of physical dependence.

The Lack of Strong Support for Early Physical-Dependence Theories of Addiction