Ischemia often results in a sequence of events that include the entry of toxic levels of _____ into the affected neurons.

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Ischemia causes a decrease in blood flow, which results in a decrease in oxygen and glucose supply to the neurons. This can lead to depolarization of the neuronal membrane and the influx of calcium ions into the cell. Elevated levels of calcium can activate intracellular enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage and cell death. Calcium also activates enzymes that release neurotransmitters like glutamate, causing excitotoxicity and further damage to the neurons. Therefore, the toxic levels of ions that result from ischemia are mainly calcium ions.

Ischemia Often Results in a Sequence of Events That Include