What Did Christine Ladd-Franklin and Mary Calkins Have in Common

What did Christine Ladd-Franklin and Mary Calkins have in common?

A) They completed a doctoral program in psychology,but never received a doctoral degree.
B) They challenged the assumption that mental events cannot be scientifically investigated.
C) They developed psychoanalytic theories that led to major changes in the treatment of mental illness.
D) They were the first two women to receive doctorate degrees in American psychology.