Professor Kimball wants to find out whether there is a causal relationship between estrogen replacement and reduced heart disease in older women.Which of the following methods should he use?
A) naturalistic observation
B) a clinical study using medical records
C) a correlational study
D) a formal experiment

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The best method for determining a causal relationship is a formal experiment where the independent variable (estrogen replacement) is manipulated and its effect on the dependent variable (reduced heart disease) is measured. With a formal experiment, Professor Kimball can control for extraneous variables and establish causality. The other methods can provide useful information but cannot establish causality.

Professor Kimball Wants to Find Out Whether There Is a Causal