The gradient of which ion supplies the energy that drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase? A) Na⁺ B) K⁺ C) H⁺ D) Cl^- E) Ca⁺²

Name: The gradient of which ion supplies the energy that drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase? A) Na + B) K + C) H + D) Cl - E) Ca +2
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The gradient of H⁺ (protons) across the mitochondrial membrane provides the energy for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase, as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, driving the production of ATP.

The Gradient of Which Ion Supplies the Energy That Drive