Why Was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology Considered a Challenge

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

A) Ward embraced "survival of the fittest," while Sumner embraced "survival of the smartest."
B) Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, while Sumner argued the opposite.
C) Ward denied the existence of evolution, while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution.
D) Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
E) Ward was a Democrat, and Sumner was a Republican.