William Westley's Research Shows Two Aspects of Police Subculture: First

William Westley's research shows two aspects of police subculture: first, that departments tend to maintain an attitude of secrecy towards outsiders who study their activities, and second, that

A) secrecy leads to flawed research outcomes.
B) officers secretly withhold help from each other.
C) officers eagerly help colleagues who are having trouble with their assignments.
D) secrecy leads to continued racism within the department.
E) none of these