What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as named by criminologists?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" refers to the belief that the presence of previous police patrols or the perception that law enforcement may be present in an area can have a deterrent effect on potential criminals, even if there is no actual patrol at the time. This effect is sometimes referred to as a "phantom" presence of law enforcement.

What Is the "Phantom Effect" or "Residual Deterrence" as Named