In Reference to Welfare Recipients, the High Effective Marginal Tax

In reference to welfare recipients, the high effective marginal tax rate on earnings _____.​

A) encourages people to become self-employed
B) encourages more labor market activity
C) discourages self-sufficiency
D) increases total family income if the marginal tax rate exceeds 100 percent
E) tends to increase welfare benefits as more income is earned up to the "means-test" threshold