The difference-in-difference estimator is used in:

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The difference-in-difference estimator is commonly used in quasi-experimental designs to estimate the causal effect of a treatment or intervention on an outcome of interest. It involves comparing the changes in outcomes between a treatment group and a control group before and after the treatment, and then taking the difference between these differences as the estimate of the treatment effect. This method is particularly useful when random assignment to treatment is not possible or ethical, and when there is a clear control group that can serve as a comparison.

The Difference-In-Difference Estimator Is Used In