When at least one categorical variable has more than two levels,Cramer's V is used to estimate effect size for a chi-square test for independence.

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Cramer's V is an appropriate effect size measure for a chi-square test of independence involving variables with more than two levels. It is also sometimes used as a measure of association for nominal variables, but in that case, it may not be the most suitable metric because it does not account for differences in the proportions of observations in each category.

When at Least One Categorical Variable Has More Than Two