On an upper-level chart where the isotherms cross the isobars (or contours)and temperature advection occurs,the atmosphere is called
A) barotropic.
B) geostrophic.
C) hydrostatic.
D) baroclinic.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

When isotherms cross isobars or contours and temperature advection occurs, it means that there is a temperature gradient in the atmosphere. This temperature gradient creates horizontal differences in pressure, which leads to horizontal differences in wind direction and speed. Since the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are not in balance, the wind would not be geostrophic. Also, since the temperature gradient is not uniform in the horizontal direction, the atmosphere cannot be barotropic. However, the atmosphere is still in hydrostatic equilibrium, meaning that pressure changes are balanced by buoyancy changes. Therefore, the atmosphere must be baroclinic, which is characterized by a temperature gradient and non-geostrophic winds.

On an Upper-Level Chart Where the Isotherms Cross the Isobars