The nurse is assessing an older adult who has smoked for the past 47 years and has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Which of the following would the nurse expect to see upon physical examination of the patient?

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Inspection of the angle between the nail and nail bed normally reveals an angle of 160 degrees.A larger angle and softening of the nail bed indicate chronic oxygenation problems.An ongoing bluish or purplish cast to the nail bed occurs with cyanosis.A white cast or pallor results from anemia.Observe for jaundice (yellow-orange),which indicates liver disease.

The Nurse Is Assessing an Older Adult Who Has Smoked