Question 1

Which of the choices below is NOT a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates can be converted into amino acids, used for lipogenesis, used for ATP production, or stored as glycogen. However, they cannot be directly converted into nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides, which are built from a different set of building blocks than carbohydrates.

Question 2

The term metabolism is best defined as ________.

Accepted Answer

Metabolism refers to all of the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including processes such as digestion, respiration, and energy production. It is a complex and interconnected system that is critical for maintaining life.

Question 3

The major role of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)is to store energy in the form of fat.

Accepted Answer

The major role of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver for processing and elimination, which helps to prevent the buildup of excess cholesterol in the bloodstream and the development of atherosclerosis. HDLs are commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol, as higher levels of HDLs are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. They do not store energy in the form of fat.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes complete protein?

Accepted Answer

A complete protein must contain all of the essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own, and must be obtained through diet.

Question 5

It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.

Accepted Answer

Fats are important for many functions in the body, including energy storage, hormone production, and absorption of certain nutrients. Eliminating all fats from the diet can lead to deficiencies and health problems. However, it is important to consume healthy fats in moderation and avoid consuming too much saturated and trans fats.

Question 6

Cholesterol,though it is NOT an energy molecule,has importance in the body because it ________.

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol plays an important role in the body as a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones. It is not involved in energy metabolism or glycolytic pathway.

Question 7

Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

Minerals like sulfur, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, and phosphorus are required by the body in moderate amounts, known as macrominerals. Iron and selenium, however, are needed in smaller quantities and are classified as trace minerals, not in moderate amounts.

Question 8

For use as fuel,all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.

Accepted Answer

This is true. All carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells for energy through a process called cellular respiration.

Question 9

It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance and functioning of the body. Most vitamins act as coenzymes or precursors to coenzymes that help the body utilize essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Therefore, it is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins to ensure proper bodily functions.

Question 10

When proteins undergo deamination,the waste substance found in the urine is mostly ________.

Accepted Answer

Deamination is the removal of an amino group (-NH2) from an amino acid. The resulting waste substance is ammonia (NH3), which is toxic to the body. However, the liver quickly converts ammonia into urea, which is less toxic and more water-soluble. Urea is then excreted by the kidneys and is the primary nitrogenous waste product found in urine. Therefore, the waste substance found in urine after protein deamination is mostly urea (Choice C).

Question 11

Triglycerides and cholesterol do NOT circulate freely in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides and cholesterol are carried in the bloodstream by lipoproteins, such as LDL and HDL, and do not circulate freely.

Question 12

The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the primary source of energy for neurons and red blood cells because it can be readily used in glycolysis to produce ATP, which is necessary for cellular processes. Protein and fat can also be used for energy production, but they must first be broken down into their constituent amino acids and fatty acids, respectively, which can then enter metabolic pathways for ATP production. Acetyl CoA is an intermediate molecule in several metabolic pathways, but it is not a major source of fuel for neurons and blood cells.

Question 13

The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients (along with proteins and fats) that provide energy for the body. When broken down, carbohydrates are converted into glucose, which is then used by cells as a source of energy to carry out various functions. Therefore, the primary function of carbohydrates is indeed energy production within cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is the major role of leptin in the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the major...

Question 15

Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.

Accepted Answer

Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high LDL concentrations, not HDL. HDL (High-density lipoprotein) is commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol, while LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) is referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Diets high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains tend to produce high HDL concentrations.

Question 16

Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation are the major steps of cellular respiration where glucose is completely oxidized to produce ATP. Lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation, glycogenesis, and lipogenesis are involved in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates but not in the complete oxidation of glucose. Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources and not directly involved in the oxidation of glucose.

Question 17

Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy,but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.

Accepted Answer

Amino acids must first undergo deamination and then the carbon skeletons can be used to synthesize glucose or enter the citric acid cycle as intermediates. This process is known as gluconeogenesis.

Question 18

Ghrelin,produced by the stomach,is a powerful appetite stimulant.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that increases hunger and food intake. It stimulates the release of growth hormone and also affects glucose metabolism. Hence, the statement that ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant is true.

Question 19

Peptides called NPY (neuropeptide Y)and AgRP (agouti-related peptides)are powerful appetite enhancers.

Accepted Answer

NPY and AgRP are both known as orexigenic peptides, meaning they stimulate appetite and food intake.

Question 20

High levels of HDLs are considered good.

Accepted Answer

High levels of HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) are considered good because they are often referred to as "good cholesterol." HDLs help remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it back to the liver for processing, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease.

Quiz 24: Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation