Although She Cannot Remember Ever Being Harmed by a Cockroach

Although she cannot remember ever being harmed by a cockroach, Kate has an extreme fear of cockroaches. Which of the following ideas might be used to help explain her specific phobia of cockroaches?

A) Kate watched a horror movie that involved large insects eating people.
B) Kate is Japanese and her irrational fear of cockroaches is one of the symptoms of a culturally specific disorder called taijin kyofusho.
C) Kate is biologically prepared to develop phobias toward creatures that arouse disgust and are associated with disease, filth, and contamination.
D) Kate's symptoms are the result of a deficiency in the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.