Both normative social influence and informational social influence can contribute to the bystander effect, especially in ambiguous situations.

Question

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Normative social influence occurs when an individual conforms to group norms in order to fit in or avoid social rejection, while informational social influence occurs when an individual looks to the group for guidance in ambiguous situations because they believe the group has more knowledge or expertise. Both of these factors can contribute to the bystander effect, where individuals in a group fail to intervene in an emergency situation because they assume someone else will take action or they are unsure of what to do.

Both Normative Social Influence and Informational Social Influence Can Contribute