In the gingko biloba experiment, the test scores of the participants in both the experimental group and the placebo control group improved because of the practice effect.

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The improvement in test scores observed in both groups can be attributed to the practice effect, which occurs when participants become more familiar with the test and its requirements over time, leading to higher scores on subsequent attempts. However, the fact that both groups experienced this practice effect suggests that the gingko biloba supplement did not have a significant effect on cognition beyond what would be expected from the natural learning process.

In the Gingko Biloba Experiment, the Test Scores of the Participants